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前言:呈分試關鍵單元 Longman P6 Unit 6 拆解

踏入小六下學期呈分試(Secondary School Places Allocation assessment / Pre-Secondary 1 Attainment Test)的衝刺階段,英文科考核重點由基礎句型進階至高階時態運用與語境寫作。在 Longman Elect / Express Primary 6 Unit 6 中,課程以「Achievements」(個人成就與目標)為核心主題,重點考核Present Perfect Tense(現在完成式)的靈活運用。

學生在寫作與文法題中,常常需要描述比賽獲獎、學習經驗、旅遊經歷或堅持多年的興趣。然而,試卷往往會在「時間副詞混淆」、「For 與 Since 搭配」以及「Been vs. Gone 與不規則過去分詞 (Past Participle)」設置重重陷阱。本文由資深香港小學英文老師為大家深入拆解 3 大常犯文法盲點,協助家長幫子女掌握關鍵得分位!

陷阱 1:Present Perfect 與 Simple Past 混淆(時間副詞大盲點)

學生最常在選擇題或動詞變形題(Fill in the blanks)中,搞唔清幾時用 Simple Past Tense,幾時用 Present Perfect Tense,特別係遇到帶有時間詞語的題目。

🚨 常犯錯誤實錄:

I have won the speech competition last week. (錯誤將 Present Perfect 與明確過去時間詞混用)

She passed the piano exam three times before. (描述累積經驗時誤用 Simple Past)

💡 奪分正解與語境邏輯:

  • Simple Past Tense(過去式):當句子帶有明確過去時間點/時間段(Specific Finished Time)(如 yesterday, last week, in 2024, two days ago),表示動作在過去已完成且與現在無直接連結,必須用 Simple Past Tense。
    正解:I won the speech competition last week.
  • Present Perfect Tense(現在完成式):強調「過去發生的經驗或成就對現在的影響或累積經驗」,絕對不可帶明確過去時間點!常配合 already, yet, ever, never, before 等副詞。
    正解:She has passed the piano exam three times before.

陷阱 2:For 同 Since 時間短語搭配陷阱(Duration vs. Starting Point)

Present Perfect 常用 forsince 來表達「從過去持續到現在的成就或習慣」,但學生常把兩者的時間結構混淆,或者在 since 後面的子句用錯時態。

🚨 常犯錯誤實錄:

He has learned swimming since 4 years. (將時間長度配上 since)

They have lived in Hong Kong for 2018. (將特定年份配上 for)

I have joined the school choir since I have been eight years old. (since 子句誤用 Present Perfect)

💡 奪分正解與口訣公式:

  • For + 一段時間長度 (Duration of time):例如 for 4 years, for three months, for a long time
    正解:He has learned swimming for 4 years.
  • Since + 過去特定起點 (Specific Starting Point):例如 since 2018, since last October, since Primary 1
    正解:They have lived in Hong Kong since 2018.
  • Since + 過去式子句 (Past Simple Clause):since 後面接句子時,該子句動詞必須使用 Simple Past Tense
    正解:I have joined the school choir since I was eight years old.

陷阱 3:Have been to vs. Have gone to & 不規則 Past Participle 拼寫陷阱

在描述個人成就或體驗時(例如代表學校外遊比賽或旅遊經驗),學生常分不清 have been tohave gone to 的意思區別;此外,Present Perfect 必須使用 Past Participle (p.p.),學生常誤用 Past Tense (v2) 形式。

🚨 常犯錯誤實錄:

Mary is a great runner. She has gone to Japan for competitions three times. (描述過往經歷時誤用 gone)

Our team has win the championship trophy. (誤用原形動詞 win)

He has wrote three award-winning essays. (誤用 Past Form wrote)

💡 奪分正解與必背不規則表:

  • Have/Has been to(去過,已返回):用來表達「個人經歷與成就」,人目前已經回到原地方。
    正解:She has been to Japan for competitions three times.
  • Have/Has gone to(去了,尚未返回):表示人已經去了某地,目前不在現場,不能用來總結過往累積經驗。
    例句:Mary is not here. She has gone to the sports center.
  • 小六呈分試必背動詞三態 (Irregular Past Participles):
    • win → won → won (has won the prize)
    • write → wrote → written (has written an article)
    • sing → sang → sung (has sung the anthem)
    • break → broke → broken (has broken the record)
    • take → took → taken (has taken part in)

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家長常見問題 (FAQ)

Q1: 小六學生在考試做 Fill in the blanks 時,如何快速判斷應該填 Present Perfect 還是 Simple Past?

A: 最快的方法是找句中的「時間關鍵詞(Time Markers)」。如果看到 yesterday, last week, in 2023, 2 hours ago, when I was young,毫不猶豫填 Simple Past Tense;如果看到 already, yet, ever, never, since, for, so far, recently, before,或者沒有提及任何具體過去時間,則填 Present Perfect Tense (have/has + p.p.)

Q2: 除了 for 和 since,Longman P6 Unit 6 還有哪些常見 Present Perfect 關鍵字及擺放位置?

A: 常考的副詞包括:already(已經,常用於肯定句 maintain 在 have/has 與 p.p. 中間)、yet(尚未/是否,用於否定句與疑問句句尾)、ever(曾經,用於疑問句)、never(從未,用於否定句)。例如:Has he completed his assignment yet? / I have already finished it.

Q3: 在呈分試英文作文(Writing)寫個人成就(Achievements)時,怎樣運用 Present Perfect 拿更高分?

A: 可以在作文開頭或結尾運用 Present Perfect 來總結個人學習成果或心路歷程,例如:“Over the past six years, I have participated in various school activities and have achieved great results.” 隨後在內文描述具體某一天的比賽經過時切換為 Simple Past Tense。這種時態靈活切換正是 Marker 給予優等 (Grade A) 的關鍵指標!


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